Climate-Adaptive Brick Bonding Patterns for Parametric Façades and Energy-Efficient Buildings: The Azerbaijani Context

Abstract

This article investigates the application potential of historical brick bonding patterns from Azerbaijan's architectural heritage in the design of contemporary parametric façade systems. The study aims to establish a scientific and methodological framework for integrating the geometric, structural, and climate-responsive characteristics of brick decorative systems developed in medieval Azerbaijani architectural schools into energy-efficient architectural design. Brick façade examples from the Aran, Nakhchivan–Maragha, Shirvan, Qazvin–Hamadan, and Tabriz architectural schools were analyzed using historical-typological and comparative research methods. The modular organization of ornaments, relief depth, light–shadow dynamics, air permeability, and surface morphology were further interpreted within the principles of parametric design. The findings indicate that the generative principles embedded in historical brick bonding systems can be translated into digital design workflows to support climate-responsive façade optimization, solar radiation control, daylight enhancement, and improved energy performance. The study proposes that historical architectural heritage should be regarded not only as an aesthetic reference but also as a functional source of performance-oriented design knowledge. The proposed methodological framework provides a basis for developing energy-efficient parametric façade systems adapted to the diverse climatic zones of Azerbaijan while preserving regional architectural identity.