The Transformation of Historic Environment Design in The Context of Overtourism: A Comparative Analysis of Global Experience and the Specifics of Icherisheher (Baku)

Abstract

The article focuses on the transformation of the design of the historic urban environment under conditions of excessive tourist pressure (overtourism). Based on a comparative analysis of European experience (Venice, Dubrovnik, and Barcelona) and the specific spatial structure of Icherisheher (Baku, Azerbaijan), the study examines urban design, inclusive design, and smart technologies as tools for regulating pedestrian flows. The author analyzes the conflict between preserving the authenticity of UNESCO heritage sites and the need to create an adaptive, accessible, and comfortable environment for tourists and local residents. Particular attention is paid to the problem of vehicular traffic within the protected area and to identifying solutions that ensure priority for pedestrians and residents. The study proposes a conceptual model of the “soft” regulation of the capacity of historic space through environmental design elements, making it possible to minimize anthropogenic degradation and prevent the gentrification of a living historic center.